· first, truth is defined as a state where a statement is demonstrated (“proven”) to be in accordance with the axioms, i. e. The classical logic assumes for simplicity that that those are the only truth values that truth -apt expressions might take, this is called bivalence, often confused with the law of excluded middle. · social equality is not an accepted fact as multiple studies of social inequality would attest. There is also another dimension to the difference between true and false. · the moral principle, “it is a duty to tell the truth ” would, if taken unconditionally and singly, make any society impossible. Truth , holding rules that are logically consistent between them; Multivalued logics remove this assumption. · so now bobby says the opposite of their beliefs (a lie), but at the same time says an objective truth. Traditional theories of truth are part of a philosophical debate about the nature of a supposed property of truth. There are other ways true statements can be used in deception, like omitting crucial information or using language ambiguity, but to me it feels that the meaning of true statement and lie statement would not apply for that. · in such context, truth and falsehood can be conceptualized as two collections of judgments. Truths need an observer to exist. Deflationism about truth , what is often simply called “deflationism”, is really not so much a theory of truth in the traditional sense, as it is a different, newer sort of approach to the topic. • chocolate is good = truth , not fact • i love my mom = truth , not fact • god exists = truth , not fact. Many things exist in truth (according to an observer), and not fact. · deflationary theories of truth : 1) i like to eat bugs, 2) eating bugs feels. Somewhat later, they decided to call the postulated truth of α → β in this case vacuous truth , presumably to suggest the idea that this case was not logically significant. · the problem is that the disjunction ¬α ∨ β is of course true if ¬α is true, i. e. Truth comprises those judgments that maintain logical consistency, independent of linguistic expression. Truth is established by proof. So, they had to postulate that α → β is true when α is false. For simplicity, think of two bags: Then however, truth is claimed to exist even if a statement cannot be proved true given the current set of axioms, suggesting that the knowledge that some statement is true can be reached. We have proof of this in the very direct consequences drawn from this principle by a german philosopher [kant], who goes so far as to maintain that it would be a crime to lie to a murderer who asked us whether a. • the sun exists = fact • the earth orbits the sun = fact · truth -value realism is the view that every well-formed mathematical statement has a unique and objective truth -value that is independent of whether it can be known by us and whether it follows logically from our current mathematical theories. What might be accepted, and far from universally, is that social equality is desirable, but that is a social value and values generally can be neither true nor false, let alone be facts. Facts stand independent of an observer, wether we like it or not.
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· first, truth is defined as a state where a statement is demonstrated (“proven”) to be in accordance with the axioms, i. e. The classical...
